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Joseph Gales (4 February 1761 – 21 July 1841) was a journalist, newspaper publisher and political figure. He was the father of the younger Joseph Gales. ==Life in Britain== Gales was born in Eckington, Derbyshire, in England. He left to undertake a printing apprenticeship in Manchester, but left after he was attacked by his master's wife. Soon after, he completed his apprenticeship with James Tomlinson in Newark, Nottinghamshire. While in Newark, he married Winifred Marshall, a novelist and political writer.〔"Gales, Joseph", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 In 1784, Gales moved to Sheffield in Yorkshire. Shortly after moving to Sheffield, he became a Unitarian, and took up various Radical causes, advocating religious tolerance, Parliamentary reform and the abolition of slavery, and opposing boxing and bull-baiting.〔 Gales met Tom Paine, who encouraged him to found a radical newspaper. In June 1787, he began publishing the ''Sheffield Register'', initially in partnership with David Martin.〔R. E. Leader, ''Reminiscences of Sheffield''〕 The newspaper focussed on reporting local news, and on reprinting tracts by reformers such as Paine and Joseph Priestley. In 1789, Martin left the partnership.〔 Gales' politics became more prominent. He welcomed the French Revolution, acclaiming the victory of "our French brethren over despots and despotism". He marked this by roasting an ox and carrying it in a procession through the town which was fired on by local authorities.〔 Gales was a founding member of the Sheffield Society for Constitutional Information. This was established in 1791, and with the support of Gales' newspaper, had over 2,000 members by the following year. It sent out "missionaries" to establish similar groups in Leeds, Birmingham and Coventry. From 1792, troops were permanently billeted in Sheffield, and regular clashes took place on the streets. Gales established a fortnightly journal, the ''Sheffield Patriot'', which explored political issues in more depth than the ''Register''. He also established contact with the London Corresponding Society, began sitting on the Sheffield society's committee, and published the first cheap edition of Paine's ''Rights of Man''.〔 In 1794, the Government began arresting leaders of the Corresponding Societies, and Gales wrote articles decrying this. Gales was suspected of writing a letter offering to sell pikes to the London society, but was on business in Derby when troops arrived to arrest him.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Gales, Sr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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